Chomsky is a formidable scholar, but here he’s saying nothing new. He still misses the deeper insight implicit in the title of Desmond Tutu’s book on the Truth and Reconciliation process he established after the peaceful liberation of South Africa: “No future without forgiveness.” Neither side in the Levant has any interest whatsoever in forgiving the other side for their crimes. They fail to recognize that forgiveness is NOT the same as exoneration. Rather it begins with an open admission of wrongdoing by the perpetrators, irrespective of how many crimes they themselves have suffered from the other. And it takes courage and honesty to get started. I see little of this on either side.